Computer Cables Type and computer network cables

Computer Cable types and descriptions

1. VGA Cable

Also known as D-sub cable, analog video cable

Connect one end to: computer monitor, television (PC input port)

Connect other end to: VGA port on computer (see image below)

2. DVI Cable

Connect one end to: computer monitor

Connect other end to: DVI port on computer (see image below)

However there are 2 types of DVI, DVI-I and DVI-D.
DVI-D does not have the extra pins around the long pin, this is also a pure digital signal over DVI-I.

3. HDMI Cable

Connect one end to: computer monitor, television

Connect other end to: HDMI port on computer (see image below)

Note: If you're hooking up a television to your computer, then we would recommend that you use a HDMI cable as your PC cable connection since it is able to transmit both display and sound - So you can not only use your TV screen as a monitor, but also make use of your TV speakers to play PC audio.

4. PS/2 Cable

Connect one end to: PS/2 keyboard, PS/2 mouse

Connect other end to: PS/2 ports on computer (see image below)

• Purple PS/2 port: keyboard
• Green PS/2 port: mouse

5. Ethernet Cable

Also known as RJ-45 cable

Connect one end to: router, network switch

Connect other end to: Ethernet port on computer (see image below)

6. 3.5mm Audio Cable

Also known as phone connector (since 3.5mm jacks are often found on mobile phones too)

Connect one end to: computer speakers, 3.5mm headphones, 3.5mm microphone

Connect other end to: audio ports on computer (see image below use Green socket)

• Green audio port: computer speakers or headphones
• Pink audio port: microphone
• Blue audio port: MP3 player, CD player, DVD player, turntable, electric guitar etc (line-in port to play and record sounds from the above devices)

7. USB Cable

For USB computer cable connections, there are two popular formats: USB 2.0 and the newer USB 3.0

How to tell USB 2.0 and 3.0 cables apart: USB 3.0 cables have a blue tip, and sometimes you can find a SS "Super Speed" label on it. 

Since USB was intended to be the one computer cable connection to replace them all, it's no surprise that the possible uses for a USB port are quite mind-blowing. For this computer cable guide, we have listed its more common uses below:

Connect one end to: USB device

• Storage devices: USB flash drive, external hard drive, external optical drive
• Input devices: USB keyboard (wired and wireless), USB mouse (wired and wireless), webcam, scanner, gamepad
• Output devices: printer, all-in-one office machine, USB speaker
• Wireless adapters: network (Wi-Fi) adapter, bluetooth adapter, 3G adapter
• Data (and charging) cable for mobile devices such as mobile phone, tablet, MP3 player

Connect other end to: USB ports on computer (see image below)

How to tell USB 2.0 and 3.0 ports apart: USB 2.0 ports have black tips while USB 3.0 ports come with blue tips. See image below:

USB 3.0 is backwards-compatible... meaning that you can connect a USB 2.0 device to a USB 3.0 port and vice versa (but the USB 3.0 devices hooked up to a USB 2.0 port will perform at lowered rates)

There are also USB cables which connect new external backup drives (see below), these are described as USB-A to Micro-B

8. Computer Power Cord (Kettle Plug)

Connect one end to: AC power socket

Connect other end to: power supply unit (see image below), computer monitor

Note: Always turn off your power supply unit (with the 1-0 switch at the back) before connecting a power cord to it.

9. ThunderBolt/USB-C

Mostly seen on laptops and Apple Macs these cables are high speed and are capable of carrying Data, video and other information.

There are 2 current types of Thunderbolt, the older version Thunderbolt 2 is seen below but this can also be confused with Mini Display ports as they look identical and only visual difference is the picture beside the port. Thunderbolt 2 (left) has a lightning symbol and carries Data and video.

The Mini Display Port (right) will only carry Video.

And Thunderbolt 3 also known as USB-C on Apple Macs.

10. Display Port

Display Port is the best to use if you require a fast, high resolution image.
The cable has better quality over HDMI and is the best option if you have this interface.

Computer network cables

What is Network Cabling?

Cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to another. There are several types of cable which are commonly used with LANs. In some cases, a network will utilize only one type of cable, other networks will use a variety of cable types. The type of cable chosen for a network is related to the network's topology, protocol, and size. Understanding the characteristics of different types of cable and how they relate to other aspects of a network is necessary for the development of a successful network.

The following sections discuss the types of cables used in networks and other related topics.

• Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
• Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
• Coaxial Cable
• Fiber Optic Cable
• Cable Installation Guides
• Wireless LANs
• Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable

वैसे तो नेटवर्क मे वायरलेस कम्युनिकेशन भी होता है जिसमे wires और केबल्स का बहुत जयदा उपयोग न करके वायरलेस टेक्नोलॉजीज की help से डाटा transmit किया जाता है लेकिन नेटवर्क इंफ्रास्ट्रक्चर के डाटा ट्रांसफर मे फिजिकल medium सबसे मोस्ट इम्पोर्टेन्ट role play करता है | आज की date मे अलग अलग type की नेटवर्क केबल्स exist करती है जिनको अलग अलग use or purpose को ध्यान मे रखते हुए design किया गया है | किसी केस मे एक नेटवर्क एक तरह की नेटवर्क केबल utilize करता है जबकि दूसरा नेटवर्क किसी दूसरी type की केबल use कर सकता है | किस network मे किस type की केबल use करनी है यह उस नेटवर्क की topology, प्रोटोकॉल, size and दूसरे फैक्टर पर डिपेंड करता है |

अलग अलग तरह की नेटवर्क केबल्स को अलग अलग जगह use किया जाता है जैसे की Patch केबल्स को कम दूरी के लिए जैसे offices या home network मे कम्प्यूटर्स को कनेक्ट करने के लिए, एक building मे इलेक्ट्रिकल कनेक्शंस के लिए Twisted Pair या Coaxial Cable को, जबकि Optical fiber cable को लम्बी दुरी के लिए या फिर जहाँ पर जयदा speed व् high bandwidth की जरुरत होती हो use करते है | 

Twisted Pair Cable Kya hai

जब दो separate insulated wires को एक साथ twisted pattern मे एक दूसरे के parallel रखते हुए बनाया जाता है तो इसको twisted pair cable कहते है | Wires के pair से एक circuit बनता है जिससे की data transmit होता है | जब wire मे electrical current flow होता है तो यह wire के चारो तरफ छोटा सा  magnetic field crate कर देता है एवं जब दो wires electrical circuit मे एक दूसरे के पास होते है तो उनका magnetic fields एक दूसरे के exact opposite होता है और दोनों magnetic fields एक दूसरे के magnetic effect को खत्म कर देते है इसके साथ साथ outside magnetic fields को भी cancel कर देते है | wires को Twist करने से wires का cancellation effect increase होने के साथ crosstalk (साथ वाले wire से generated होने वाली noise) से protection मिलता है | 

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What is Twisted Pair Cable in hindi | Define UTP and STP Cable difference

What is Twisted Pair Cable in hindi | Define UTP and STP Cable difference

by Amit Saxena/ June 28, 2017/ Component, In Hindi, Network Topology/ 2 Comments

Twisted Pair Cable Kya hai

जब दो separate insulated wires को एक साथ twisted pattern मे एक दूसरे के parallel रखते हुए बनाया जाता है तो इसको twisted pair cable कहते है | Wires के pair से एक circuit बनता है जिससे की data transmit होता है | जब wire मे electrical current flow होता है तो यह wire के चारो तरफ छोटा सा  magnetic field crate कर देता है एवं जब दो wires electrical circuit मे एक दूसरे के पास होते है तो उनका magnetic fields एक दूसरे के exact opposite होता है और दोनों magnetic fields एक दूसरे के magnetic effect को खत्म कर देते है इसके साथ साथ outside magnetic fields को भी cancel कर देते है | wires को Twist करने से wires का cancellation effect increase होने के साथ crosstalk (साथ वाले wire से generated होने वाली noise) से protection मिलता है | 

इस तरह की cable बहुत सारे data and voice infrastructures (जैसे की टेलीफोन कम्युनिकेशन्स एंड बहुत सारे नए ईथरनेट नेटवर्क्स) मे use होती है | Twisted pair cable, signal interference को दूर करने का काम करती है | Twisted pair cable दो तरह की होती है : unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP) | STP and UTP केबल design and manufacture मे different होती है लेकिन उनका purpose सेम होता है -रिलाएबल कनेक्टिविटी व् डाटा ट्रांसमिशन | 

some important points on internet

Introduction to Internet, www and Web Browsers

• Internet, www and Web Browsers Basics : Introduction, Objectives.
• Basics of Computer Networks : Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN).
• Internet :  Concept of Internet, Basics of Internet Architecture.
• Services on Internet : World Wide Web and Websites, Communication on Internet, Internet Services.
• Preparing Computer for Internet Access : ISPs and examples (Broadband/Dialup/WiFi), Internet Access Techniques.
• Web Browsing Software : Popular Web Browsing Software, Configuring Web Browser.
• Search Engines : Popular Search Engines / Search for content, Accessing Web Browser, Using Favorites Folder, Downloading Web Pages, Printing Web Pages, Summary, Model Questions and Answers.

Communication and Collaboration

• Basics of Communication and Collaboration : Introduction, Objectives.
• Basics of E-mail : What is an Electronic Mail, Email Addressing, Configuring Email Client.
• Using E-mails : Opening E-mail client, Mailbox: Inbox and Outbox, Creating and Sending a new E-mail, Replying to an E-mail message, Forwarding an E-mail message, Sorting and Searching emails.
• Advance email features : Sending document by E-mail, Activating Spell checking, Using Address book, Sending Softcopy as attachment, Handling SPAM.
• Instant Messaging and Collaboration : Using Smiley, Internet etiquettes, Summary, Model Questions and Answers.

Internet

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.

www and Web Browsers Basics

A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. The most popular web browsers are Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge (preceded by Internet Explorer), Firefox, Safari, and Opera.

Basics of Computer Networks

A network connects computers, mobile phones, peripherals, and even IoT devices. Switches, routers, and wireless access points are the essentialnetworking basics. Through them, devices connected to your network can communicate with one another and with other networks, like the Internet.

Switches

Switches are the foundation of most business networks. A switch acts as a controller, connecting computers, printers, and servers to a network in a building or a campus.

Switches allow devices on your network to communicate with each other, as well as with other networks, creating a network of shared resources. Through information sharing and resource allocation, switches save money and increase productivity.

There are two basic types of switches to choose from as part of your networking basics: managed and unmanaged.

• An unmanaged switch works out of the box but can't be configured. Home-networking equipment typically offers unmanaged switches.
• A managed switch can be configured. You can monitor and adjust a managed switch locally or remotely, giving you greater control over network traffic and access.

Routers

Routers connect multiple networks together. They also connect computers on those networks to the Internet. Routers enable all networked computers to share a single Internet connection, which saves money.

A router acts a dispatcher. It analyzes data being sent across a network, chooses the best route for data to travel, and sends it on its way.

Routers connect your business to the world, protect information from security threats, and can even decide which computers receive priority over others.

Beyond those basic networking functions, routers come with additional features to make networking easier or more secure. Depending on your needs, for example, you can choose a router with a firewall, a virtual private network (VPN), or an Internet Protocol (IP) communications system.

Access points

An access point* allows devices to connect to the wireless network without cables. A wireless network makes it easy to bring new devices online and provides flexible support to mobile workers.

An access point acts like an amplifier for your network. While a router provides the bandwidth, an access point extends that bandwidth so that the network can support many devices, and those devices can access the network from farther away.

But an access point does more than simply extend Wi-Fi. It can also give useful data about the devices on the network, provide proactive security, and serve many other practical purposes.

*Access points support different IEEE standards. Each standard is an amendment that was ratified over time. The standards operate on varying frequencies, deliver different bandwidth, and support different numbers of channels.

Wireless networking

To create your wireless network, you can choose between four types of deployment. Each deployment has attributes that will work better for different solutions.

Computer Network

A computer network is a set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources. The most common resource shared today is connection to the Internet. Other shared resources can include a printer or a file server. The Internet itself can be considered a computer network.

Local Area Network (LAN)

A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server. Typically, a LAN encompasses computers and peripherals connected to a server within a distinct geographic area such as an office or a commercial establishment.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

A WAN (wide area network) is a communications network that spans a large geographic area such as across cities, states, or countries. They can be private to connect parts of a business or they can be more public to connect smaller networks together.

Concept of Internet

Internet can be termed as the interconnection of the variety of networks and computers. Internet makes use of the internet protocol and the transmission Control protocol. Internet opened the doors of communication between the various stations. Internet facilitates storing and transmission of large volumes of data. The internet is one of the most powerful communication tools today.

What is an internet?

Internet is a medium which connecting a computer to any othercomputer anywhere in the world via routers and servers.

                        Internet Architecture

Fortunately, nobody owns the Internet, there is no centralized control, and nobody can turn it off. Its evolution depends on rough consensus about technical proposals, and on running code. Engineering feed-back from real implementations is more important than any architectural principles.

Internet service providers (ISP - Internet Service Provider) companies or institutions (such as T-Com, Iskon or CARNet in Croatia, AT&T in US and MTNL in India), which satellite or optical connections with several major Internet node abroad (mainly in the direction of America and Europe) and the thus ensuring high capacity connection to the rest of the Internet world. However, practice has shown that it can barely follow the needs of the growing number of members of Internet communities. When selecting an ISP of significance is the number of services that it provides to its customers. All services provided by e-mail, but do not provide any service to FTP, newsgroups, renting space on the disc, certain program support and etc. CARNet allows for almost all university departments.

Services of Computer & Network System

• WWW (World Wide Web)
• Electronic Mail (E-mail)
• News Groups
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
• IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
• Telnet
• Voice / Video Communication - Skype
• Social networks
• Search Engines
• Wikipedia
• Web-Hosting (DATACENTER)

Full Forms for Information Technology Related Terms:

SMS - System Management Server

ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator

PIN - Personal Identification Number

ISP - Internet Service Provider

IT - Information Technology

WWW - World Wide Web (sometimes call W3)

WWW - World Wide Wait - slang

VIP - Vines Internet Protocol

ASP - Active Server Page

ASP - Application Service Provider

3D - Three Dimensional 

INS - InterNet communication Settings

CAD - Computer Aided Design

ECS - Enhanced Chip Set

FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions (files often found on BBS and Internet)

DOS - Disk Operating System

POP - Power On Password

POP - Post Office Protocol (how PCs get email from internet)

POP - Point Of Presence (internet and WWW terminology for location of server)

STP - Shielded Twisted Pair

FORTRAN - FORmula TRANslation language (programming language)

MODEM - MODulate / DEModulate

NCC - Network Control Center

IC - Integrated Circuit

IP -  Internet Protocol

UID - User IDentification (internet- intranet- and server login accesses)

IRDA - Infrared Data Association

CLASS - Compiled java program- often used as class extension

NIC - Network Interface Card

PC - Personal Computer

RAS - Remote Access Server / Service

CD-ROM - Compact Disk - Read Only Memory

PPP - Point to Point Protocol

ARPANET - Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (the beginning of the internet)

EEPROM - Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

RDBMS - Relational Data Base Management System

MPEG - Motion Picture Experts Group (file extension MPG)

PVC - Permanent Virtual Circuits

ASAP - Application Assessment And Planning package (Lotus migration application)

CPU - Central Processing Unit

SSI - Server Side Includes (web technology that allows for dynamic data exchange in web pages)

CMYK - Cyan- Magenta- Yellow- blacK

COBOL - Common Business Oriented Language (programming language)

ID - Internal Device

BOSS - Business Organizer Scheduling System (one of the original hand-held organizers)

HCL - Hardware Compatibility List (what hardware works with Windows 95- a text file)

FCI - Flux Changes per Inch (drive tech terminology)

MIS - Management Information Systems

MIS - Multimedia Information Sources

APL - Automatic Programming Language

DTP - Desk-Top Publishing

SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

IPC - Inter-Processes Communications

PDC - Primary Domain Controller

SFC - System File Checker (command line program found with Windows XP)

HD - Hard Disk 2 High Density (type of disk format)

PCI - Personal Computer Interface 

PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect

CPS - Clusters Per Sector (depends on the OS- AND the size of the disk partition)

CPS - Characters Per Second

DBMS - DataBase Management System

CHAT - Conversational Hypertext Access Technology (""talking"" in real time over the internet)"

DVD - Digital Video Disk

DOC - DOCument (file format extension used by word processors such as MS Word)

DOC - A word processing DOCument file extension  Often used by MS Word

CCS - Common Command Set (instructions for SCSI interface)

LCD - Liquid Crystal Display (often found on laptops)

POS - Point Of Sale (the scanners you see in supermarkets)

TM - Text Message

TM - Test Mode (modem diagnostics)

URL - Uniform Resource Locator

IBM - International Business Machines

EMS - Expanded Memory Specification (LIM Lotus / Intel / Microsoft)

CDR - A Graphics File extension- often used by Corel Draw

RDO - Remote Data Objects

VBA - Visual Basic for Applications (programming language bundled with MS Office- can include ActiveX- not a full VB compiler- but can edit macros and commands)

AT - Asynchronous Transmission 

AT - Advanced Technology

FTP - File Transfer Protocol

GPF - General Protection Fault (A window error message that occurs when a program crashes)

SSA - Serial Storage Architecture (another communications port setup (like SCSI) that has fast data transfer but requires high demands of DMA channels)

GP - General Purpose

VGA - Video Graphics Adapter

ISM - Information Services Manager

SRC - Sample Rate Conversion

PDP - Plasma Display Panel (laptops)

ODBC - Open DataBase Connectivity (2 Components) (Microsofts shared data connections)

ICA - Independent Computing Architecture

EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (re-programmable ROM chips)

DD - Double Density (type of disk format - more than single density- less than High Density)

SIT - Stuff-It (compressed file extension for Macintosh computers) 

EULA - End User License Agreement

HP - Hewlett Packard

ADC - Advanced Data Connector (database caching w/IIS server)

DB - DataBase

DB - decibel

ED - External Device 

W3C - World Wide Web Consortium

MCSE - Microsoft Certified System Engineer