some important points on internet

Introduction to Internet, www and Web Browsers

• Internet, www and Web Browsers Basics : Introduction, Objectives.
• Basics of Computer Networks : Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN).
• Internet :  Concept of Internet, Basics of Internet Architecture.
• Services on Internet : World Wide Web and Websites, Communication on Internet, Internet Services.
• Preparing Computer for Internet Access : ISPs and examples (Broadband/Dialup/WiFi), Internet Access Techniques.
• Web Browsing Software : Popular Web Browsing Software, Configuring Web Browser.
• Search Engines : Popular Search Engines / Search for content, Accessing Web Browser, Using Favorites Folder, Downloading Web Pages, Printing Web Pages, Summary, Model Questions and Answers.

Communication and Collaboration

• Basics of Communication and Collaboration : Introduction, Objectives.
• Basics of E-mail : What is an Electronic Mail, Email Addressing, Configuring Email Client.
• Using E-mails : Opening E-mail client, Mailbox: Inbox and Outbox, Creating and Sending a new E-mail, Replying to an E-mail message, Forwarding an E-mail message, Sorting and Searching emails.
• Advance email features : Sending document by E-mail, Activating Spell checking, Using Address book, Sending Softcopy as attachment, Handling SPAM.
• Instant Messaging and Collaboration : Using Smiley, Internet etiquettes, Summary, Model Questions and Answers.

Internet

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.

www and Web Browsers Basics

A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. The most popular web browsers are Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge (preceded by Internet Explorer), Firefox, Safari, and Opera.

Basics of Computer Networks

A network connects computers, mobile phones, peripherals, and even IoT devices. Switches, routers, and wireless access points are the essentialnetworking basics. Through them, devices connected to your network can communicate with one another and with other networks, like the Internet.

Switches

Switches are the foundation of most business networks. A switch acts as a controller, connecting computers, printers, and servers to a network in a building or a campus.

Switches allow devices on your network to communicate with each other, as well as with other networks, creating a network of shared resources. Through information sharing and resource allocation, switches save money and increase productivity.

There are two basic types of switches to choose from as part of your networking basics: managed and unmanaged.

• An unmanaged switch works out of the box but can't be configured. Home-networking equipment typically offers unmanaged switches.
• A managed switch can be configured. You can monitor and adjust a managed switch locally or remotely, giving you greater control over network traffic and access.

Routers

Routers connect multiple networks together. They also connect computers on those networks to the Internet. Routers enable all networked computers to share a single Internet connection, which saves money.

A router acts a dispatcher. It analyzes data being sent across a network, chooses the best route for data to travel, and sends it on its way.

Routers connect your business to the world, protect information from security threats, and can even decide which computers receive priority over others.

Beyond those basic networking functions, routers come with additional features to make networking easier or more secure. Depending on your needs, for example, you can choose a router with a firewall, a virtual private network (VPN), or an Internet Protocol (IP) communications system.

Access points

An access point* allows devices to connect to the wireless network without cables. A wireless network makes it easy to bring new devices online and provides flexible support to mobile workers.

An access point acts like an amplifier for your network. While a router provides the bandwidth, an access point extends that bandwidth so that the network can support many devices, and those devices can access the network from farther away.

But an access point does more than simply extend Wi-Fi. It can also give useful data about the devices on the network, provide proactive security, and serve many other practical purposes.

*Access points support different IEEE standards. Each standard is an amendment that was ratified over time. The standards operate on varying frequencies, deliver different bandwidth, and support different numbers of channels.

Wireless networking

To create your wireless network, you can choose between four types of deployment. Each deployment has attributes that will work better for different solutions.

Computer Network

A computer network is a set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources. The most common resource shared today is connection to the Internet. Other shared resources can include a printer or a file server. The Internet itself can be considered a computer network.

Local Area Network (LAN)

A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server. Typically, a LAN encompasses computers and peripherals connected to a server within a distinct geographic area such as an office or a commercial establishment.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

A WAN (wide area network) is a communications network that spans a large geographic area such as across cities, states, or countries. They can be private to connect parts of a business or they can be more public to connect smaller networks together.

Concept of Internet

Internet can be termed as the interconnection of the variety of networks and computers. Internet makes use of the internet protocol and the transmission Control protocol. Internet opened the doors of communication between the various stations. Internet facilitates storing and transmission of large volumes of data. The internet is one of the most powerful communication tools today.

What is an internet?

Internet is a medium which connecting a computer to any othercomputer anywhere in the world via routers and servers.

                        Internet Architecture

Fortunately, nobody owns the Internet, there is no centralized control, and nobody can turn it off. Its evolution depends on rough consensus about technical proposals, and on running code. Engineering feed-back from real implementations is more important than any architectural principles.

Internet service providers (ISP - Internet Service Provider) companies or institutions (such as T-Com, Iskon or CARNet in Croatia, AT&T in US and MTNL in India), which satellite or optical connections with several major Internet node abroad (mainly in the direction of America and Europe) and the thus ensuring high capacity connection to the rest of the Internet world. However, practice has shown that it can barely follow the needs of the growing number of members of Internet communities. When selecting an ISP of significance is the number of services that it provides to its customers. All services provided by e-mail, but do not provide any service to FTP, newsgroups, renting space on the disc, certain program support and etc. CARNet allows for almost all university departments.

Services of Computer & Network System

• WWW (World Wide Web)
• Electronic Mail (E-mail)
• News Groups
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
• IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
• Telnet
• Voice / Video Communication - Skype
• Social networks
• Search Engines
• Wikipedia
• Web-Hosting (DATACENTER)

Full Forms for Information Technology Related Terms:

SMS - System Management Server

ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator

PIN - Personal Identification Number

ISP - Internet Service Provider

IT - Information Technology

WWW - World Wide Web (sometimes call W3)

WWW - World Wide Wait - slang

VIP - Vines Internet Protocol

ASP - Active Server Page

ASP - Application Service Provider

3D - Three Dimensional 

INS - InterNet communication Settings

CAD - Computer Aided Design

ECS - Enhanced Chip Set

FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions (files often found on BBS and Internet)

DOS - Disk Operating System

POP - Power On Password

POP - Post Office Protocol (how PCs get email from internet)

POP - Point Of Presence (internet and WWW terminology for location of server)

STP - Shielded Twisted Pair

FORTRAN - FORmula TRANslation language (programming language)

MODEM - MODulate / DEModulate

NCC - Network Control Center

IC - Integrated Circuit

IP -  Internet Protocol

UID - User IDentification (internet- intranet- and server login accesses)

IRDA - Infrared Data Association

CLASS - Compiled java program- often used as class extension

NIC - Network Interface Card

PC - Personal Computer

RAS - Remote Access Server / Service

CD-ROM - Compact Disk - Read Only Memory

PPP - Point to Point Protocol

ARPANET - Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (the beginning of the internet)

EEPROM - Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

RDBMS - Relational Data Base Management System

MPEG - Motion Picture Experts Group (file extension MPG)

PVC - Permanent Virtual Circuits

ASAP - Application Assessment And Planning package (Lotus migration application)

CPU - Central Processing Unit

SSI - Server Side Includes (web technology that allows for dynamic data exchange in web pages)

CMYK - Cyan- Magenta- Yellow- blacK

COBOL - Common Business Oriented Language (programming language)

ID - Internal Device

BOSS - Business Organizer Scheduling System (one of the original hand-held organizers)

HCL - Hardware Compatibility List (what hardware works with Windows 95- a text file)

FCI - Flux Changes per Inch (drive tech terminology)

MIS - Management Information Systems

MIS - Multimedia Information Sources

APL - Automatic Programming Language

DTP - Desk-Top Publishing

SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

IPC - Inter-Processes Communications

PDC - Primary Domain Controller

SFC - System File Checker (command line program found with Windows XP)

HD - Hard Disk 2 High Density (type of disk format)

PCI - Personal Computer Interface 

PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect

CPS - Clusters Per Sector (depends on the OS- AND the size of the disk partition)

CPS - Characters Per Second

DBMS - DataBase Management System

CHAT - Conversational Hypertext Access Technology (""talking"" in real time over the internet)"

DVD - Digital Video Disk

DOC - DOCument (file format extension used by word processors such as MS Word)

DOC - A word processing DOCument file extension  Often used by MS Word

CCS - Common Command Set (instructions for SCSI interface)

LCD - Liquid Crystal Display (often found on laptops)

POS - Point Of Sale (the scanners you see in supermarkets)

TM - Text Message

TM - Test Mode (modem diagnostics)

URL - Uniform Resource Locator

IBM - International Business Machines

EMS - Expanded Memory Specification (LIM Lotus / Intel / Microsoft)

CDR - A Graphics File extension- often used by Corel Draw

RDO - Remote Data Objects

VBA - Visual Basic for Applications (programming language bundled with MS Office- can include ActiveX- not a full VB compiler- but can edit macros and commands)

AT - Asynchronous Transmission 

AT - Advanced Technology

FTP - File Transfer Protocol

GPF - General Protection Fault (A window error message that occurs when a program crashes)

SSA - Serial Storage Architecture (another communications port setup (like SCSI) that has fast data transfer but requires high demands of DMA channels)

GP - General Purpose

VGA - Video Graphics Adapter

ISM - Information Services Manager

SRC - Sample Rate Conversion

PDP - Plasma Display Panel (laptops)

ODBC - Open DataBase Connectivity (2 Components) (Microsofts shared data connections)

ICA - Independent Computing Architecture

EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (re-programmable ROM chips)

DD - Double Density (type of disk format - more than single density- less than High Density)

SIT - Stuff-It (compressed file extension for Macintosh computers) 

EULA - End User License Agreement

HP - Hewlett Packard

ADC - Advanced Data Connector (database caching w/IIS server)

DB - DataBase

DB - decibel

ED - External Device 

W3C - World Wide Web Consortium

MCSE - Microsoft Certified System Engineer